physics at albright

Associate Professor Brian Buerke, Ph.D., chair
Associate Professor Devon B. Mason, Ph.D.

FUSION

FUSION
A periodic newsletter
about the sciences
at Albright College


The Physics Department offers a flexible course of study that prepares students for success in a wide range of technically related fields. Opportunities after graduation include graduate study, industrial research and development, engineering, teaching, technical management and software development. Students receive excellent education in the fundamentals of physics, with special emphasis on strong mathematical skills, advanced laboratory training and collaborative student-faculty research. Students may choose from three major tracks of study:

  • General Physics, in preparation for graduate study in Physics or for work in industry
  • Optical Physics, in preparation for a career in industrial research and development, engineering, or for graduate study in physics/optics
  • Secondary education certification in physics, in preparation for certification by the state of Pennsylvania as a high school physics teacher

Physics concentrators interested in graduate programs are encouraged to take courses beyond the basic requirements. Since requirements for graduate programs vary, students are encouraged to seek advice from faculty members in the department. Students interested in pursuing teacher certification in physics must consult the chair of the Education Department regarding specific requirements for the program.

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Concentration in Physics

Requirements for the General Physics track:

First Year:

• PHY 201, 202
• MAT 107, 108

Second Year:

• PHY 203, 251, 262
• MAT 207, 302
• IDS 255

Third Year:

• PHY 340, 351

Fourth Year:

• PHY/OPT 431, 441, 490


Requirements for the Optical Physics track:

First Year:

• PHY 201, 202
• MAT 107, 108

Second Year:

• PHY 203
• OPT 241, 261
• MAT 207, 302

Third Year:

• PHY 351, 441
• OPT 324
• IDS 255

Fourth Year:

• OPT 431
• One from OPT 101, 362, 400, 442, PHY 262, 490
• PHY 490

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Teacher Certification Requirements

The Physics Education program provides a sound foundation in physics combined with secondary education courses. Graduates of the program will be certified for secondary teaching in physics, meeting all Pennsylvania state requirements for certification. Students interested in teacher certification in physics should consult Education Department faculty for specific requirements to meet both college
and state guidelines.

Requirements:

• PHY 201, 202, 203
• PHY 251, 262
• PHY 340, 351
• PHY/OPT 431, PHY 441, 490
• IDS 255
• MAT 107, 108, 207, 302
• ENG 102, 235
• PSY 100
• EDU 214, 230, 301, 303, 345, 346, 350, 403, 407, and 408
• SPE 215

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Co-Concentrations in Physics

Requirements

• PHY 201, 202, 203
• PHY 340, 351
• PHY 441
• MAT 107, 108, 207
• IDS 255

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Co-Concentrations in Optics

Requirements

• PHY 201, 202
• OPT 241, 261
• OPT 431
• Two from OPT 324, 362, 400, 442, PHY 351, 441

A student may combine optics with any other concentration. However, the high level of computational background required for most optics courses favors combining with mathematics.

The mathematics courses required are:

• MAT 107, 108
• MAT 207
• MAT 302, 304, 311, 315
• MAT 491

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Courses

IDS 255
Mathematics for Chemistry and Physics

The physical applications of analytic and numerical methods are studied in such topics as differential equations, Fourier series, Laplace transforms, matrices, complex numbers and vectors.
Prerequisite: MAT 108

PHY 102
Modern Astronomy

An exposition of a wide variety of topics in modern astronomy including celestial motion, stellar spectra and evolution, galaxies, solar systems and cosmology. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory per week.

PHY/OPT 101
Modern Optics and Technology

A survey of basic properties of light, diffraction, holography, interference, imaging and applications to modern technology including telescopes, lasers, CDs, fiber optics and optical data storage. This course satisfies the general studies lab science requirement. Three hour lecture and three-hour laboratory per week.

PHY 184
Concepts of Physical Science

This is a course particularly focused on the needs of teachers in elementary and middle schools. The main focus of this course is to have the students learn by doing, that is, they will, in support of the lectures, carry out activities and demonstrations in various areas of the physical sciences. For each concept presented in the lecture class the students will carry out quantitative activities, which demonstrate the validity of the concept. They are required to keep a careful record of not only lecture notes but of their activities. Thus, at the end of the course each student will have produced a reference notebook of lesson plans, covering both theory and supporting activities/demonstrations, which are invaluable in teaching physical science in grades K through eight. General studies natural science credit.
Prerequisite: EDU 395

PHY 201
General Physics I

An introductory course in general physics including mechanics, heat, sound, light, electricity, magnetism and modern physics. Calculus methods are used. Three hours lecture and three-hour laboratory per week.
Prerequisite: MAT 107 (may be taken concurrently with Physics Department permission)

PHY 202
General Physics II

Continuation of 201. Three hours lecture and three-hour laboratory per week.
Prerequisites: PHY 201 and MAT 108 (may be taken concurrently with Physics Department permission)

PHY 203
General Physics III

An introduction to the fundamentals of physics: thermodynamics, kinetic gas theory, and Quantum theory of photons, atoms, nuclei and solids.
Prerequisite: PHY 202

PHY 251
Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

This course explores thermodynamic systems and variables; the laws of thermodynamics; thermodynamic potentials and applications; ideal and real gas relations; changes of phase; introduction to probability theory; elementary kinetic theory of gases; micro and macro-states of simple quantum-mechanical systems; Fermi- Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. Four hours of lecture per week.

PHY 262
Electronics

An introduction to electronic components and circuits, including power supplies, amplifiers and digital logic circuits, and the integration of electronics with software.
Prerequisite: PHY 202, MAT 107

PHY 301
Mathematical Physics I

This course covers a variety of mathematical tools needed in upper-level physics courses. The focus is on the applications of mathematics to interesting physical situations. Topics covered may include vector and matrix algebra, series expansion, calculus techniques in physics, vector calculus, ordinary and partial differential equations, complex numbers and probability in physics.
Prerequisite: MAT 108 or permission of the instructor

PHY 302
Mathematical Physics II

This course is a continuation of PHY 301 and covers a variety of mathematical tools needed in upper-level physics courses.
Prerequisite: MAT 108 or permission of the instructor

PHY 340
Classical Mechanics

This course examines fundamentals of Newtonian mechanics; conservation theorems; central forces; motion in non-inertial frames; rigid-body motion; and Lagrange's and Hamilton's equations. Four hours of lecture per week.

PHY 351
Electromagnetism I

This course looks at electrostatics and magnetostatics in vacuum and in material media; Maxwell's equations; energy and momentum in the electromagnetic field; electromagnetic waves; and special relativity. Four hours of lecture per week.

PHY 391
Selected Topics in Physics

Topics are determined by the needs of the students and the availability of faculty. Some possible topics are advanced mathematical physics, electromagnetism II, modeling and simulation in physics.

PHY 431
Advanced Physics Laboratory I

Introduction to the techniques of experimental research in the areas of electronics, electromagnetism and modern physics. Measurement technique and error analysis are emphasized. Two three-hour lab periods each week.

PHY 441
Quantum Physics I

This course is an introduction to non-relativistic quantum mechanics; wave functions, amplitudes and probabilities; the superposition of quantum states; and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. It also explores time evolution including: the Schroedinger equation, stationary states, and two-state systems, and motion in one-dimensional potentials including: tunneling, particle in a box and harmonic oscillator. Four hours of lecture per week.

PHY 490
Senior Seminar in Physics

A seminar specifically designed for students admitted to the department's honors program. Topics are determined by instructor.

PHY 491
Selected Topics in Physics and Optics

Topics are determined by the needs of the students and availability of faculty. Some possible topics are Quantum Physics II, Advanced Lab II and topics dealing with current trends in physics and optics.

OPT 241
Geometrical Optics

A study of optical instruments and their use, including first-order Gaussian optics and thin-lens system layout. Lectures and laboratory exercises examine photometrics theory applied to optical systems such as the eye, magnifier and microscope, matrix optics and the nature of Seidel aberrations. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory per week.
Prerequisite: MAT 107

OPT 261
Wave Optics

This course covers complex representation of waves; scalar diffraction theory; Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction and application to measurement; diffraction and image formation; optical transfer function; coherent optical systems, optical data processing and holography. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory per week.

OPT 324
Lasers and Applications

This course includes fundamentals and applications of laser systems, such as optical amplification, cavity design, beam propagation and modulation. Emphasis is placed on developing the basic principles needed to design new systems, as well as an understanding of the operation of those currently in use.
Prerequisites: OPT 261 and 323, MAT 302 recommended

OPT 362
Electromagnetic Theory

This course explores vector analysis; Maxwell's equations, energy flow in electromagnetic fields, dipole radiation from Lorentz atoms, partially polarized radiation, spectral line broadening, dispersion, reflection and transmission, crystal optics, electro-optics and quantum optics. Prerequisites: PHY 202, MAT 207, and MAT 302

OPT 400
Applied Optics

Application of optics to current technology in optics, covering topics such as advanced detection systems, semiconductor optoelectonics and optical system performance specification.
Prerequisites: OPT 261, 323 and 324 (may be taken concurrently)

OPT 431
Advanced Optics Laboratory I

Intensive project-based laboratory course with experiments on optical imaging systems, testing of optical instruments, diffraction, interference, holography, lasers and detectors. Two three-hour lab periods per week.

OPT 442
Quantum Theory of Optics

This course is an introduction to quantum mechanics in the context of modern optics and optical technology. Wave mechanics applied to electrons in crystals and in quantum wells are discussed. Other topics include: absorption and emission in semiconductors and the optical properties of materials; Shrodinger equation; potential wells; barriers; electron in a periodic potential; energy bands; and Fermi statistics.
Prerequisites: PHY 202, 255

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